ubuthi benyoka

Ubuhlungu benyoka uketshezi olukhishwa izinyoka ezinobuthi ezindlaleni zazo ezinobuthi.Ingxenye yawo eyinhloko iphrotheni enobuthi, ibalwa ku-90% kuya ku-95% wesisindo esomile.Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 zama-enzyme nobuthi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe ama-peptide amangqamuzana amancane, ama-amino acid, ama-carbohydrate, ama-lipids, ama-nucleosides, ama-amine emvelo nama-ion ensimbi.Ukwakhiwa kobuthi bezinyoka kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ubuthi, i-pharmacology kanye nemiphumela ye-toxicological yezinhlayiya ezihlukahlukene zenyoka zinezici zazo.Phakathi kwazo, ubuthi buboniswa kanje: 1. Ubuthi bokujikeleza kwegazi: (kuhlanganise ne-viper venom, agkistrodon acutus venom, caltrodon venom, green snake venom) 2. I-Neurotoxins: (ubuthi benyoka yamehlo, ubuthi benyoka indandatho yegolide, indandatho yesiliva yenyoka , ubuthi benyoka yenkosi, ubuthi benyoka) 3 Ubuthi obuxutshiwe: (Agkistrodon halys venom, Ophiodon halys venom) ① Umphumela wokulwa nomdlavuza wobuthi benyoka: umdlavuza ungesinye sezifo ezintathu ezinkulu ezibeka impilo yomuntu engozini, futhi akukho ukwelashwa okusebenzayo. samanje.Ososayensi abavela kuwo wonke amazwe bathatha ucwaningo lobuthi bezinyoka njengomkhakha omusha wokunqoba lo mgoqo.I-Snake Venom Research Office yase-China Medical University izama ukuthola izithako ezisebenzayo ezinganqanda ukukhula kwesimila esivela ku-Agkistrodon halys venom ekhiqizwa e-Dalian, Liaoning, Ukuhlolwa kokuqhathaniswa kwe-tumor inhibition kwenziwa phakathi kwesihlungu sangempela kanye nobuthi obubodwa be-Agkistrodon halys Pallas. .Izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezihlukene zobuhlungu benyoka zinamazinga ahlukene okuvimbela kuma-sarcoma egundane, futhi izinga lokuvinjelwa kwesimila liphezulu njengoba lifinyelela ku-87.1%.② Umthelela we-Anticoagulant we-snake poison: "i-defibrase" ekhishwe ebuhlungwini be-Agkistrodon halys acutus e-Yunnan, e-China, yaphumelela ukuhlonza ubuchwepheshe ngo-1981, futhi yasetshenziselwa ukwelapha amacala angu-333 e-vascular thrombosis, kuhlanganise namacala angu-242 we-cerebral thrombosis, izinga elisebenzayo ngu-86.4%.I-Agkistrodon halys antacid eyakhiwe yi-China Medical University kanye ne-Shenyang Pharmaceutical College ngokubambisana izuze imiphumela egculisayo yomtholampilo ekwelapheni izifo ezithinta imithambo yegazi.I-antacid enobuthi benyoka eyakhiwe yi-Snake Venom Research Office yase-China Medical University inganciphisa i-lipids yegazi, yandise imithambo yegazi, yehlise okuqukethwe kwe-thromboxane egazini, ikhulise i-prostacyclin, futhi ikhulule imisipha ebushelelezi yemithambo.Kuyi-anti-.③ Ngokuqondene nomphumela we-hemostatic we-snake poison, i-Japan isebenzisa isithako esikhuthazayo sokubopha okukhulunywe ngezinyoka ukuze sisetshenziswe ekuhlinzweni komtholampilo, imithi yangaphakathi, izici zobuso, izifo zabesifazane kanye nezokubelethisa nezinye izifo ze-hemorrhagic.Umuthi ubizwa ngokuthi "umjovo we-reptilin".④ Ukulungiswa kwe-antivenin serum: Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-antivenin serum e-China kwaqala ngawo-1930s.Ngemva kokukhululwa, i-Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, ngokubambisana ne-Snake Research Group yase-Zhejiang Medical University, i-Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, kanye ne-Guangzhou Medical College, ilungiselele ngempumelelo i-serum ye-antivenin ecwengekile ye-Agkistrodon halys, i-Agkistrodon acutus, I-Bungarus multicinctus, ne-Ophthalmus.⑤ Umphumela we-analgesic we-snake poison: Ngo-1976, i-Yunnan Kunming Animal Research Institute yathuthukisa ngempumelelo i-“Ketongling” ephuma ebuhlungwini benyoka, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ezibuhlungu futhi izuze umphumela oyingqayizivele wokudambisa ubuhlungu."I-compound Ketongning" eyakhiwe nguCao Yisheng ibonise ukusebenza kahle ekwelapheni ubuhlungu bezinzwa, ubuhlungu bomdlavuza kanye nokuqeda ubuthi.Ngenxa yokuthi i-analgesic yobuhlungu benyoka inomsebenzi ophezulu we-analgesic futhi ayiluthisi, isetshenziswa ngokomtholampilo ukufaka esikhundleni se-morphine ekwelapheni ubuhlungu bomdlavuza sekwephuzile.Isihlungu sobuthi singasetshenziswa ukulungisa i-serum ekhethekile yokulwa nobuthi, ama-analgesics nama-hemostatic agents.Umphumela wawo ungcono kune-morphine ne-dolantin, futhi awulutha.Ubuhlungu benyoka bungaphinda zelaphe ukukhubazeka kanye uvendle.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuthi benyoka bebusetshenziswa ukwelapha umdlavuza.Ngoba ubuthi benyoka buyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe ngamaprotheni angu-34, elinye lawo elibaluleke kakhulu futhi inani elikhulu lobuthi libizwa ngokuthi i-cytolysin.Iwubuthi obubhubhisa ngokuqondile amaseli kanye nolwelwesi lwamaseli.Lokhu kuzokhiqiza izimila eziyingozi.Uma i-cytolysin evela ebuhlungwini benyoka ihlukaniswa futhi ijovwe emzimbeni womuntu ukuze isakazeke kuwo wonke umzimba ngokujikeleza kwegazi ukuze ibulale ngokuqondile amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kunethemba elikhulu lokunqoba ubunzima bokwelashwa komdlavuza.I-defibrase yomjovo ikhishwa ebuhlungwini be-Agkistrodon acutus e-China.Inomsebenzi wokunciphisa i-fibrinogen ne-thrombolysis, futhi iyisidakamizwa esikhethekile sokwelapha izifo zenhliziyo.Izindlela eziyisishiyagalombili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ngayo ubuthi benyoka yilezi: 1. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kanye nokulwa nomdlavuza, ukulwa nesimila;2. I-Hemostasis kanye